Monguor people - Wikipedia. The Monguor (Chinese: . The 2. 01. 0 census gave their number as 2. The Monguor people speak the Monguor language, which belongs to the family of Mongolic languages but has been heavily influenced by both local Chinese and Tibetan dialects. These days, nearly all Tu people can also speak Chinese. Most are farmers, and some keep livestock. Their culture and social organizations have been influenced by Confucianism, Tibetan Buddhism, Taoism, and local beliefs. A few Tu in Huzhu and Minhe are Christian, the result of on- going American and Korean missionary work in the area. Ethnic origins. It has been variously suggested that their origins are related to the Tuyuhun. Xianbei, to Mongol troops who came to the current Qinghai- Gansu area during the time of the Mongol conquests, to the Shatuo, and/or to the Han Chinese. The last character of Tuy. The contemporary reference of this name is rendered . Since the Chinese language cannot represent . 20 pagina's OPLAGE 56.000 UTRECHTSCH NIEUWSBLAD v.h Joh de Liefde N.V Drift 23 — Utrecht Directie A M E H N Koemans Drs J R Nieuwenhuis MAANDAG 28 NOVEMBER 1960 68e. Articles,facts,information,and topics for users to read and learn about Chinese history. Topics on ancient and imperial history, chronology and timeline of ancient. Wei Lo, Actor: Jing wu men. Wei Lo was born in 1918 in Jiangsu Province, China. He was an actor and director, known for The Chinese Connection (1972), The Big Boss. Dusk on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (Three Gorges) Country: China: Tributaries - left: Yalong, Min, Tuo, Jialing, Han - right: Wu, Yuan, Zi, Xiang, Gan. Its derogatory undertone came from the concurrent meaning of the Chinese character . It was derived from their origins from the Murong Xianbei, from whom Tuy. The source of this European DNA might have been merchants travelling the Silk Road. It eventually evolved into the Upper Xiajidian Culture, which was associated with the Donghu and characterized by the practice of agriculture and animal husbandry supplemented by handicrafts and bronze art. The Donghu was a federation formed from the Donghu, Wuhuan, and Xianbei. Among the northern ethnic groups, the Donghu was the earliest to evolve into a state of civilization and first developed bronze technology. The Monguor (Chinese:Through the usage of bronze weaponry and armored cavalry in warfare, they maintained extensive dominance over the Xiongnu on their west. In the end of the third century B. C., the Xiongnu Maodun attacked to destroy the Donghu by surprise and caused disintegration in the federation. The Wuhuan moved to Mt. Wuhuan and engaged in continuous warfare with the Xiongnu on the west and China on the south. The Donghu spoke Mongolic language and was formed by the federation of the Donghu, Wuhuan, and Xianbei. In the first century, the Xianbei defeated the Wuhuan and northern Xiongnu, and developed into a powerful state under the leadership of their elected Khan, Tanshihuai. China Guide Apply now for international schools jobs and start teaching abroad with overseas adventure. RESEARCH ARTICLES Density Functional Study of Structural Stabilities, Electric and Magnetic Properties of Vanadium Adsorption. Sheet3 Sheet2 Director List Listed Company's English Name Listed Company's Chinese Name Stock Code Listing Status Director's English Name Director's Chinese Name. In the third century, the Eastern Han dynasty (2. CE) disintegrated into three kingdoms, including the Cao Wei (2. Eastern Wu (2. 22- 2. Shu Han (2. 21- 2. In 2. 35, the Cao Wei assassinated the last Khan of the Xianbei, Kebineng, and caused disintegration in the Xianbei Kingdom. Thereafter, the Xianbei pushed their way inside the Great Wall of China and established extensive presence in China. During the Sixteen Kingdoms (3. Xianbei founded six kingdoms: the Former Yan (2. Western Yan (3. 84- 3. Later Yan (3. 83- 4. Southern Yan (3. 98- 4. Western Qin (3. 85- 4. Southern Liang (3. Most of them were unified by the Tuoba Xianbei, who established the Northern Wei (3. Northern Dynasties (3. Xianbei. The former evolved into the Northern Qi (5. Northern Zhou (5. Southern Dynasties were pushed to the south of the Yangtze. In 5. 81, the Prime Minister of Northern Zhou, Yang Jian, usurped the throne and founded the Sui dynasty (5. Emperor Wen of Sui. His son, Emperor Yang of Sui, annihilated the Chen dynasty (5. China, thereby bringing an end to the Southern and Northern Dynasties era. Over the course of this period, the Xianbei who entered into China were immersed among the Chinese and later classified into . Yet, not all branches of the Xianbei shared this fate. In the 3rd and 4th centuries, Tuy. Legends accounted the separation to be due to a fight between his horses and those of his younger brother, Murong Wei. The actual cause was intense struggle over the Khanate position and disagreement over their future directions. The fraction that supported Murong Wei into the Khanate position aimed at ruling over China, whereas Tuy. The disagreement resulted in Tuy. While passing through western Liaoning and Mt. Bai, more Xianbei groups joined them from the Duan, Yuwen, and Bai sections. At the Hetao Plains near Ordos in Inner Mongolia, Tuy. Yin for over thirty years, as the Tuoba Xianbei and Northern Xianbei joined them through political and marriage alliances. After settling down in the northwest, they established the powerful Tuy. Legends accounted that Murong Wei often sang it until he died and the song got spread into central and northwest China. The Murong Xianbei whom he had led successively founded the Former Yan (2. Western Yan (3. 84- 3. Later Yan (3. 83- 4. Southern Yan (3. 98- 4. Their territories encompassed, at their height, the present Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei, and Henan, and their capitals included Beijing and other cities. Through these establishments, they were immersed among the Chinese, whereas the Xianbei who followed Tuy. Xianbei was found along their trajectories. The earliest recorded Mt. Xianbei was in the southern portions of Daxinganling, located in northeast Inner Mongolia, which represented the originating place of the Xianbei. Xianbei were recorded subsequently in western Liaoning: one in the present Jinzhou City and one near Yi County. Xianbei was recorded in the northern portions of Daxinganling, located near Alihe Town of Oroqin Autonomous Banner in Hulunbeiermeng in the northeastern portion of Inner Mongolia that borders eastern Russia. In the northwest, the Qilian Mountains that run along Gansu and Qinghai provinces were referred to as the Greater Mt. In Sanchuan/Guanting of Minhe County in Qinghai, which holds the most densely populated Monguor settlement, Mt. Xianbei stands in the west, upon which sits the ancestral shrine of the Xianbei Khans. Tuyuhun Empire. These Xianbei groups formed the core of the Tuyuhun Empire and numbered about 3. They carried out extensive military expeditions westward, reaching as far as Hetian in Xinjiang and the borders of Kashmir and Afghanistan, and established a vast empire that encompassed Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, northern Sichuan, eastern Shaanxi, southern Xinjiang, and most of Tibet, stretching 1,5. They unified northwest China for the first time in history, developed the southern route of the Silk Road, and promoted cultural exchanges between the eastern and western territories, dominating the northwest for more than three and half centuries until the empire was destroyed by the Tibetans who rose up in 6. The English reference for . Because the Tuoba who established the Northern Wei (3. China proper objected the Tuoba of Southern Liang to use the same Chinese characters, the latter adopted . Some submitted under the Northern Wei in China, while a small fraction went into Tibet and gave rise to the name . Among the Monguor settlement in Minhe, Qinghai today, the La and Bao Family Villages were accounted to have descended from . The Tibetans refer to the Monguor as . The Monguor refer to Tuy. The earliest record of the Monguor in the Western publications was made by the French missionaries, Huc and Gabet, who traveled through northwest China in 1. Meanwhile, Tibet developed rapidly under the leadership of Songzanganbu who united the Tibetans and expanded northward, directly threatening the Tuy. The Tang government was shocked and sent five troops to fight. Although Tibet withdrew in response, the Tuy. The Tang sent its famous general, Xue Rengui, to lead 1. Tibet in Dafeichuan (present Gonghe County in Qinghai). They were annihilated by the ambush of 2. Dayan and Tibet, which became the biggest debacle in the Tang history, and formally brought the Tuy. The Eastern Kingdom existed on the eastern side of the Qilian Mountains and increasingly migrated eastward into central China, whereas the Western Kingdom existed under the leadership of the former exile Khan, Dayan, in Tibet. As the An Shi Rebellion shook up the Tang court and caused its emperor to flee, Tibet overtook the entire territory of Tuy. Through this period, the Xianbei underwent massive diasporas over a vast territory that stretched from the northwest into central and eastern parts of China, with the greatest concentrations found by Mt. In 9. 46, the Shatuo Turk, Liu Zhiyuan, conspired to murder the highest Xianbei leader, Bai Chengfu, who was reportedly so wealthy that . The incident took away the central leadership and stripped the opportunity for the Xianbei to restore the Tuy. The Western Xia made significant achievements in literature, art, music, architecture, and chemistry. Through effective military organizations that integrated cavalry, chariots, archery, shields, artillery (cannons carried on the back of camels), and amphibious troops for combats on the land and water. The Xia territory encompassed the present Ningxia, Gansu, eastern Qinghai, northern Shaanxi, northeastern Xinjiang, southwest Inner Mongolia, and southernmost Outer Mongolia, measuring about 8. As Western Xia resisted vehemently, more and more of its people crossed the Qilian Mountains to join the earlier establishments in Qinghai and Gansu in order to avoid the Mongol assaults, which gave rise to the current settlements of the Monguor. During the last round of the Mongol attacks, Genghis died in Western Xia. The official account of the Mongol history attributed his death to an illness, whereas legends accounted that he died from a wound inflicted in the battles. After the Xia capital was overrun in 1. Mongols inflicted devastating destruction on its architecture and written records, killing the last emperor and massacring tens of thousands of civilians. The Xia troops were later incorporated into the Mongol army in their subsequent military conquests in central and southern China. Due to the fierce resistance of the Xia against the Mongol attacks, especially in causing the death of Genghis, they were initially suppressed in the Yuan Dynasty (1. Toward the middle and later phases of the Yuan, they received equivalent treatment as the ruling Mongols and attained highest offices in the Central Court.
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